Aluminum is a silver-white metal, ranking third in content in the earth's crust after oxygen and silicon. The density of aluminum is small, only 34.61% of iron and 30.33% of copper, so it is also called a light metal. Aluminum is a non-ferrous metal second only to steel in terms of output and usage in the world. The density of aluminum is only 2.7103g/cm³, which is about 1/3 of the density of steel, copper or brass. Because aluminum is light, it is often used in the manufacture of land, sea and air vehicles such as cars, trains, subways, ships, airplanes, rockets, and spaceships to reduce weight and increase load capacity.
Industrial aluminum ingots
The raw material in our daily industry is called aluminum ingot. According to the national standard (GB/T 1196-2008), it should be called "aluminum ingot for remelting", but everyone is used to calling it "aluminum ingot". It is produced by electrolysis from aluminum oxide-cryolite. After aluminum ingots enter industrial application, there are two major categories: cast aluminum alloys and deformed aluminum alloys. Cast aluminum and aluminum alloys are aluminum castings produced by casting methods; deformed aluminum and aluminum alloys are processed aluminum products produced by pressure processing methods: plates, strips, foils, tubes, rods, molds, wires and forgings. According to the national standard "Aluminum ingots for remelting are divided into 8 grades according to their chemical composition, namely Al99.90, Al99.85, Al99.70, Al99.60, Al99.50, Al99.00, Al99.7E, and Al99. 6E" (Note: The number after Al is the aluminum content). What some people call "A00" aluminum is actually aluminum with a purity of 99.7%. It is called "standard aluminum" in the London market. Everyone knows that our country's technical standards in the 1950s came from the former Soviet Union. "A00" is the Russian brand name in the Soviet national standard. "A" is the Russian letter, not the English "A" word, nor the Chinese pinyin letter. If "A" is in line with international standards, it is more accurate to call it "standard aluminum". Standard aluminum is an aluminum ingot containing 99.7% aluminum, and it is registered on the London market.
Aluminum alloy ingot
definition
It uses pure aluminum and recycled aluminum as raw materials, and adds other elements in accordance with international standards or special requirements, such as: silicon (Si), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe)... to improve the castability and chemistry of pure aluminum. An alloy prepared from deficiencies in properties and physical properties.
application
Applications of cast aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloy [1]
Aluminum silicon (Al-Si) alloy, generally the mass fraction of Si is 4%~22%. Because Al-Si alloy has excellent casting properties, such as good fluidity, good air tightness, small shrinkage and low thermal tendency, After modification and heat treatment, it has good mechanical properties, physical properties, corrosion resistance and moderate machining properties. It is the most diverse and widely used alloy among cast aluminum alloys. The characteristics and applications of common cast Al-Si alloys are as follows:
(1) ZL101(A) alloy ZL101 alloy has good air tightness, fluidity and hot crack resistance, moderate mechanical properties, welding performance and corrosion resistance. It has simple ingredients and is easy to cast. It is suitable for various castings. method. ZL101 alloy has been used for complex parts with medium loads, such as aircraft parts, instruments, instrument casings, engine parts, automobile and ship parts, cylinder blocks, pump bodies, brake drums and electrical parts. In addition, based on the ZL101 alloy, the impurity content is strictly controlled and the ZL101A alloy with higher mechanical properties is obtained by improving the casting technology. It has been used to cast various shell parts, aircraft pump bodies, automobile gearboxes, and fuel oil. Box bends, aircraft accessories and other load-bearing parts.
(2) ZL102 alloy ZL102 alloy has the best thermal crack resistance, good air tightness, and good fluidity. It cannot be strengthened by heat treatment and has low tensile strength. It is suitable for casting large thin-walled complex parts. Mainly Suitable for die casting. This type of alloy is mainly used for thin-walled castings with complex shapes and low loads, such as various instrument casings, automobile casings, dental equipment, pistons, etc.
(3) ZL104 alloy ZL104 alloy has good air tightness, fluidity and hot crack resistance, high strength, good corrosion resistance, welding performance and cutting performance, but low heat resistance and is prone to small pores, casting The process is more complex. Therefore, it is mainly used to manufacture large-size sand metal mold castings that can withstand high loads, such as transmission casings, cylinder blocks, cylinder head valves, pulleys, cover tool boxes and other aircraft, ship and automobile parts.
(4) ZL105 alloy ZL105 alloy has high mechanical properties, satisfactory casting performance and welding performance, and better cutting performance and heat resistance strength than ZL104 alloy, but its plasticity is low and corrosion stability is not high, so it is suitable for various casting methods. This type of alloy is mainly used to produce aircraft and engine sand and metal mold casting parts that bear heavy loads, such as transmission casings, cylinder blocks, hydraulic pump housings and instrument parts. It can also be used to make bearing supports and other machine parts. In addition, ZL105A alloy, which is developed based on ZL105 alloy and reduces the content of Fe and other impurities, has also been manufactured to produce high-quality castings that can withstand large loads, such as aircraft crankcases and valves due to its higher strength and elongation after fracture. Housings, impellers, cooling water jackets, covers, bearing supports and other parts of engines and machines.
(5) ZL106 alloy ZL106 alloy has medium mechanical properties, good flow properties, satisfactory thermal crack resistance, and is suitable for sand casting and metal mold casting. This type of alloy is mainly used for parts with complex shapes, bearing static loads, parts requiring high air tightness and working at higher temperatures, such as pump bodies and water-cooled cylinder heads.
(6) ZL107 alloy ZL107 alloy is suitable for sand casting and metal mold casting. It has good air tightness, fluidity and hot crack resistance, as well as good mechanical properties and cutting performance. It is mainly used in the production of diesel engine crankcases, piano plates and frames, oil caps and valve handles, cylinder heads, typewriter frames and other parts.
(7) ZL108 alloy ZL108 alloy has good casting performance, high strength, small thermal expansion coefficient and good wear resistance. In addition, its high temperature performance is satisfactory and it is generally used in metal mold casting. This type of alloy is mainly used for parts such as internal combustion engine pistons and lifting pulleys.
(8) ZL109 alloy ZL109 alloy is suitable for metal mold casting, with excellent fluidity, good air tightness and hot crack resistance, good high temperature strength and low temperature expansion coefficient. Its typical uses are to make pulleys, bushings, automobile pistons and diesel engine pistons, and can also be used as lifting pulleys, etc.
(9) ZL110 alloy ZL110 alloy has medium mechanical properties and good heat resistance. It is suitable for sand mold and metal mold casting. The alloy has high density and linear expansion coefficient. It is used to manufacture internal combustion engine pistons, oil nozzles, oil pumps and other parts. However, it should be noted that due to the large thermal expansion coefficient of the alloy, "cold knocking and hot drawing" may occur when used to make pistons.
(10) ZL111 alloy ZL111 alloy has good air tightness and thermal crack resistance, excellent fluidity, high strength, good fatigue performance and endurance, easy welding and good corrosion resistance, suitable for sand molds, Pressure casting of metal molds. This type of alloy is mainly used to manufacture complex, high-load parts, such as castings for aircraft and missiles.
(11) YL112 alloy YL112 is a die-cast alloy with good casting properties and mechanical properties, good fluidity, air tightness and thermal crack resistance. It is commonly used as gear boxes, air-cooled cylinder heads, and bases of radio transmitters. , lawn mower covers and pneumatic brake castings.
(12) YL113 alloy YL113 alloy has excellent fluidity, good air tightness and hot crack resistance, and is mainly used for die casting. Typical uses are for pulleys, pistons and cylinder heads. It can also be used for die-casting of automobile engine casings, motorcycle engine casings, garden tool casings and other accessories. The international grade is equivalent to the Japanese standard ADC12. It is the most widely used recycled aluminum ingot in the die-casting industry.
(13) ZL114A alloy ZL114A alloy has high mechanical properties and good casting properties, that is, high strength, good toughness, good fluidity, air tightness and hot crack resistance, and can cast complex shapes. High-strength castings are suitable for various casting methods and are used for high-strength and high-quality castings to manufacture parts withstanding high loads such as aircraft and missile compartment bodies.
(14) ZL115 alloy ZL115 alloy is suitable for sand mold and metal mold casting. It has good casting performance and high mechanical properties, such as high strength and hardness and good elongation. It is mainly used as waveguides and high-pressure valves. , hydraulic pipelines, aircraft pylons and high-speed rotor blades, etc.
(15) ZL116 alloy ZL116 alloy is suitable for sand mold and metal mold casting. It has good air tightness, fluidity and hot crack resistance. It also has high mechanical properties and is a high-strength cast aluminum alloy. Typical applications include waveguides, high-pressure valves, hydraulic lines, aircraft pylons, and high-speed rotor blades.
(16) ZL117 alloy ZL117 is a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy. It has good wear resistance, low thermal expansion coefficient and good high temperature performance. It also has good casting performance and is suitable for metal mold casting. It is often used in engines. Pistons, brake pads, pulleys, pumps and other parts requiring wear resistance.
(17) YL117 alloy YL117 alloy is equivalent to the B390.0 alloy in the United States. It is a hypereutectic Al-Si die-casting alloy widely used in the United States. It has good fluidity, moderate air tightness and good thermal crack resistance. In particular, it has high wear resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient, and is mainly used for engine blocks, brake blocks, pulleys, pumps and other parts requiring wear resistance.
Applications of cast aluminum-zinc (Al-Zn) alloy [2]
For Al-Zn alloys, due to the high solubility of Zn in Al, when a mass fraction of more than 10% Zn is added to Al, the strength of the alloy can be significantly improved. Although this type of alloy has a high natural aging tendency and can achieve high strength without heat treatment, the disadvantages of this type of alloy are poor corrosion resistance, high density, and prone to hot cracking during casting. Therefore, this type of alloy is mainly used to manufacture die-cast instrument housing parts. The characteristics and applications of common cast Al-Zn alloys are as follows:
(1) ZL401 alloy ZL401 alloy has medium casting performance, small shrinkage cavity and hot cracking tendency, good welding performance and cutting performance, high strength in the cast state, but low plasticity, high density and poor corrosion resistance. ZL401 alloy is mainly used for various pressure casting parts, automotive and aircraft parts with an operating temperature not exceeding 200 degrees Celsius and complex structural shapes.
(2) ZL402 alloy ZL402 alloy has medium casting properties, good fluidity, moderate air tightness and hot cracking resistance, good cutting performance, high mechanical properties and impact toughness in the cast state, but high density and difficult to melt during melting. The process is complex and is mainly used in agricultural equipment, machine tools, ship castings, radio devices, oxygen regulators, rotating wheels and air compressor pistons.
Applications of cast aluminum-magnesium (Al-Mg) alloy [3]
The mass fraction of Mg in Al-Mg alloy is 4%~11%. This alloy has low density, high mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, good cutting performance, and the machined surface is bright and beautiful. However, due to the complex smelting and casting processes of this type of alloy, in addition to being used as corrosion-resistant alloys, they are also used as decorative alloys. The characteristics and applications of common cast Al-Mg alloys are as follows.
(1) ZL301 alloy ZL301 alloy has high strength, good elongation, excellent cutting performance, good weldability, can be anodized, and can cause vibration. The disadvantage is that it has a tendency of microporosity and is difficult to cast. ZL301 alloy It is used to manufacture parts with high corrosion resistance such as frames, supports, rods and accessories that are subject to high loads, operating temperatures below 150 degrees Celsius, and operate in the atmosphere and sea water.
(2) ZL303 alloy ZL303 alloy has good corrosion resistance, good weldability, good cutting performance, easy polishing, acceptable casting performance, low mechanical properties, cannot be strengthened by heat treatment, and has a tendency to form shrinkage cavities. It is widely used Die casting. This type of alloy is mainly used for medium-load parts under corrosion or parts in cold atmosphere and operating temperatures not exceeding 200 degrees Celsius, such as ship parts and machine casings.
(3) ZL305 alloy ZL305 alloy is mainly based on Al-Mg alloy with Zn added to control natural aging, improve strength and stress corrosion resistance, have good comprehensive mechanical properties, and reduce oxidation, porosity and pore defects of the alloy. This type of alloy is mainly used for parts with high corrosive requirements that can withstand high loads, operate at temperatures below 100 degrees Celsius, and work in the atmosphere or seawater, such as parts in marine ships.
Classification
Classification overview
Aluminum ingots are divided into three types according to their composition: aluminum ingots for remelting, high-purity aluminum ingots and aluminum alloy ingots; according to shape and size, they can be divided into bar ingots, round ingots, plate ingots, T-shaped ingots, etc.
Several common aluminum ingots
Aluminum ingots for remelting--15kg, 20kg (≤99.80%Al):
T-shaped aluminum ingot--500kg, 1000kg (≤99.80%Al):
High purity aluminum ingots - 10kg, 15kg (99.90% ~ 99.999% Al);
Aluminum alloy ingots--10kg, 15kg (Al--Si, Al--Cu, Al--Mg);
Plate ingot--500~1000kg (for plate making);
Round ingot--30~60kg (for wire drawing)
ZhengDe Aluminum, our daily industrial raw material is called aluminum ingot, which should be called "aluminum ingot for remelting" according to the standard, but everyone is used to calling it "aluminum ingot". It is produced by electrolysis using alumina-cryolite. Unwrought product. The product obtained by smelting (or refining) and casting. For example, rolled ingots, extruded ingots, forged ingots and aluminum ingots for remelting.Product specifications and materials can be customized according to customer requirements.
| Grade |
Chemical composition /% |
| AL |
Si |
Fe |
Cu |
Ca |
Mg |
Zn |
Mn |
| Al99.90 |
99.9 |
0.05 |
0.07 |
0.005 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.025 |
|
| Al99.85 |
99.85 |
0.08 |
0.12 |
0.005 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
| Al99.70 |
99.7 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.2 |
0.03 |
|
| Al99.60 |
99.6 |
0.16 |
0.25 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
|
| Al99.50 |
99.5 |
0.22 |
0.3 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
|
| Al99.00 |
99 |
0.42 |
0.5 |
0.02 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
|
| Al99.70E |
99.7 |
0.07 |
0.2 |
0.01 |
0 |
0.02 |
0.4 |
0.005 |
| Al99.60E |
99.6 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.01 |
|
0.02 |
0.04 |
0.007 |
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Shandong Zhengde Metal Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is a production and sales company integrating hot-rolled steel coils, cold-rolled steel coils, galvanized steel coils, color-coated steel coils, section steel, steel pipes, steel wires, metal mesh, stainless steel, aluminum, copper and other metal products integrated large enterprises. Five production and sales bases have been formed in Binzhou, Liaocheng, Wuxi, Tianjin, Jinan and Tai'an, with more than 100 production lines, 4 nationally recognized laboratories, 2 technical engineering centers, and 5 enterprise technology centers. Products are exported to more than 50 countries and regions such as North America, South America, Europe, Middle East region, Russia, Africa, North America, and other parts of the world.
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ZhengDe Aluminum, our daily industrial raw material is called aluminum ingot, which should be called "aluminum ingot for remelting" according to the standard, but everyone is used to calling it "aluminum ingot". It is produced by electrolysis using alumina-cryolite. Unwrought product. The product obtained by smelting (or refining) and casting. For example, rolled ingots, extruded ingots, forged ingots and aluminum ingots for remelting.Product specifications and materials can be customized according to customer requirements.
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